Plantaginaceae and Scrophulariaceae

Digitalis purpurea vs Verbascum thapsus

These two are not on this page because a keyword tool suggested them. They are here because our own identification model genuinely mistook one for the other, on real photographs, 5 times. We publish the rate, and then we tell you what actually separates them.

Confused 5x by our model Method published

Side by sidefigs. a and b

Digitalis purpurea, photographed by Mathieu Roumet
fig. a Mathieu Roumet, CC BY 4.0

Digitalis purpurea

purple foxglove
Verbascum thapsus, photographed by David Lazarus
fig. b David Lazarus, CC0 1.0

Verbascum thapsus

great mullein

How often our model gets it wrong measured, not estimated

When the plant was The model said How often
Digitalis purpurea Verbascum thapsus 5 of 19 (26%)

The confusion runs one way only. The model mistakes Digitalis purpurea for Verbascum thapsus, but not the reverse.

Measured on 38,299 openly licensed, research-grade photographs. Full method and dataset.

What actually separates themon the record

Family Plantaginaceae versus Scrophulariaceae. Different families, which is a real separation.
Genus Digitalis versus Verbascum.
Flowering Peaks in June versus July. If the plant is in flower, timing helps. (n = 10,802 and 5,435.)

What we do not have yet: the diagnostic morphological character that a botanist would key on, from a source we can cite. We are not going to invent one. Until we have it, this page tells you the two are genuinely confusable, how often, and what the taxonomy and the flowering data do and do not settle.

Both recordsfull pages