Orobanchaceae and Caryophyllaceae

Castilleja tenuiflora vs Silene laciniata

These two are not on this page because a keyword tool suggested them. They are here because our own identification model genuinely mistook one for the other, on real photographs, 3 times. We publish the rate, and then we tell you what actually separates them.

Confused 3x by our model Method published

Side by sidefigs. a and b

Castilleja tenuiflora, photographed by Scott Yarger
fig. a Scott Yarger, CC0 1.0

Castilleja tenuiflora

Santa Catalina Paintbrush
Silene laciniata, photographed by Henrik Kibak
fig. b Henrik Kibak, CC BY 4.0

Silene laciniata

cardinal catchfly

How often our model gets it wrong measured, not estimated

When the plant was The model said How often
Castilleja tenuiflora Silene laciniata 3 of 19 (16%)

The confusion runs one way only. The model mistakes Castilleja tenuiflora for Silene laciniata, but not the reverse.

Measured on 38,299 openly licensed, research-grade photographs. Full method and dataset.

What actually separates themon the record

Family Orobanchaceae versus Caryophyllaceae. Different families, which is a real separation.
Genus Castilleja versus Silene.
Flowering Peaks in October versus June. If the plant is in flower, timing helps. (n = 2,358 and 1,616.)

What we do not have yet: the diagnostic morphological character that a botanist would key on, from a source we can cite. We are not going to invent one. Until we have it, this page tells you the two are genuinely confusable, how often, and what the taxonomy and the flowering data do and do not settle.

Both recordsfull pages